CEBPA and malignant colon neoplasm: Previous research has discovered that TCDCA not only causes oxidative stress in gastrointestinal tumors, resulting in compensatory upregulation of TR mRNA (Lechner et al., 2002), but it also reduces expression of the tumor suppressor gene CEBP in HepG2 cell lines (Xie et al., 2016), which is correlated with the risk of colon cancer and HCC (Kühn et al., 2020; Farhat et al., 2022).