RAF1 and colonic neoplasm: Gong et al. [113] reported a VA-associated G1 phase arrest and inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer in vitro and in vivo through different mechanisms, including suppression of HIF-1α and inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/eIF4E binding protein 1 as well as Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK pathways.