TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: The ability of LF to activate inflammatory cells [184,185], downregulate the expression of various chemotactic factors and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E-selectin) [186,187] and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α [8,157,173,188], in in vivo and in vitro models have been well described, thus pointing to its potency in the treatment of COVID-19 induced ARDS.