Xu et al. [26] showed that withaferin A blocked TGF-β-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of other TGF-β-related proteins in human endometrial cancer cells, suggesting that withaferin A inhibits the proliferation of human endometrial carcinoma via TGF-β signal regulation. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and endometrial carcinoma.