MT-CO1 and Alpers syndrome: Interestingly, group level analyses revealed no difference in the levels of frontal NDUFB8 and COXI protein deficiencies in the Alpers’ syndrome patient group compared to the control group (P > 0.05), and comparisons between individual patients with Alpers’ syndrome frequently revealed significantly decreased abundance of NDUFB8 (P < 0.01), and to a lesser extent COXI, proteins in occipital versus frontal cortical astrocytes (Supplementary Fig. 6).