CSF1R and Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: Chitu et al. demonstrated that Csf1r heterozygosity is necessary and sufficient for development of the behavioral and neurodegenerative clinical characteristics observed in ALSP patients [10], and subsequent studies showed that a reduction of CSF1R specifically in microglia is sufficient to confer ALSP [11].