In this study, the T cells cultured with BsAbs, especially anti-PSMA scFv/anti-CD3 Fab, had low PD-1 expression on their surface (Additional file 11: figure S4) and a strong therapeutic effect against PD-L1 expressing human prostate tumors (LNCaP; Additional file 11: figure S12) in SCID mouse models. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is prostate neoplasm.