Based on the mRNA expression levels of LY6E, IFITM1, GADD45A, MT1M, and SPP1 in HCC, we further performed subtype analysis of HCC using unsupervised clustering analysis, and the results classified all samples into Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 subtypes (Fig. 6a). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.