TP53 and urinary bladder cancer: Knockdown of GINS2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) inhibits NSCLC proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the p53/GADD45A pathway [26], while GADD45A levels were found to be lower in bladder cancer (BC) than in adjacent normal tissues, and induction of its expression inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of BC cells [27].