The results showed that the diagnostic ROC-AUC was also over 0.7, which was consistent with the results of GEO data analysis (Fig. 4f–j), suggesting that LY6E, IFITM1, GADD45A, MT1M, and SPP1 are potential predictive targets for HCC. The gene discussed is GADD45A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.