PDK1 and neoplasm: Worenine targets HIF-1α to inhibit the Warburg effect in colorectal cancer cells thereby suppressing tumor cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle progression [9]; Melatonin inhibits lung cancer progression by stimulating the SIRT3/PDH axis to reverse the Warburg effect [10]; PGC1α suppresses HCC metastasis by regulating PPARγ-dependent WNT/β-catenin/PDK1 axis to inhibit aerobic glycolysis [11];The phosphorylation of AMPKα1 by PIM2 in EC leads to a decrease in AMPKα1 kinase activity, which in turn promotes aerobic glycolysis and tumor growth [12].