RIPK1 and Parkinson disease: Previous studies have reported that pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) or Nec-1 stable (Nec-1s) showed neuroprotective effects in 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-treated PC12 cells, neural cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of PD patients with OPA1 gene mutations, and in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice22,28.