GSK3B and injury: Because K63-linked polyubiquitination is known to be involved in various cellular activities, such as signal transduction, protein trafficking, protein‒protein interaction and DNA repair51,52, it is possible that K63-linked GSK3β polyubiquitination by Pellino3 influences GSK3β-mediated signal transduction in APAP-induced liver injury and does not affect the stability of the GSK3β protein.