Several studies have identified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers that correlate with the presence of HAND, among these, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-8, IFNα, and TNF are all significantly elevated in the CSF of PLWH with NCI and are thought to play a role in neuroinflammation and injury [69–73]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.