Interestingly, HMGB1 is involved with some typical IR/hyperinsulinemia-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity [11], and its circulating concentrations have been reported to be higher in PCOS than in non-PCOS women, in a study carried out in subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization [12]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is hyperinsulinism.