Anti-(programmed cell death)PD-1/PD-L1 therapy demonstrates great efficacy in combating various cancers which include but are not limited to hematological tumor, skin cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer and kidney cancer, but further researches on PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in OvCa remains to be done (47).. Here, PDCD1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.