BRAF and colorectal carcinoma: Furthermore, a study showed a significantly increased somatic mutation rate in CRC cells compared to normal colorectal cells; the presence of driver mutations such as BRAF (V600E), PIK3CA (E81K), and ACVR2A (protein truncated small indel); as well as MLH1 methylation and genetic diversification in each cancer, accompanied by generalized, stable and genetic differences (16).