• High glucose increased miR-130b-3p expression and secretion, reduced the abundance of Ppargc1α, inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis in placental trophoblastic cells (177). • MiR-122 was downregulated in plasma and liver of GDM male fetuses, positively associated with pro-inflammatory status (178). • MiR-139-5p and miR-195-5p were upregulated in fetal heart of PGDM mothers, associating with thickened cardiac wall (179). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and gestational diabetes.