• Higher level of ROS was detected in heart (68, 69, 74), arteries (148) of GDM offspring. • Oxidative stress was much more in renal vessels of diabetic offspring (75). • Repressed Sod2 transcription and enhanced ROS accumulation in maternal diabetes-induced neurodegenerative diseases in offspring (100, 107, 149, 150). • Imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant (151) appeared in testicular formation (117) and oocyte-granulosa interaction (111) in diabetic offspring. The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.