• MiR-15a and miR-15b were increased in skeletal muscle of adult offspring of maternal diabetes (171). • MiR-146a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-24a-3p, miR-30a-5p were upregulated in postpartum T1DM plasma exosome (172). • MiR-199a-3p, miR-503-5p, and miR-1268a were increased in GDM amniotic fluid during the second trimester (173). • HUVECs of GDM showed increased miR-101 (59), miR-30c-5p, miR-452-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p and miR-148a-3p (174), leading to impaired fat oxidation via AMPK signaling. • GDM showed difference of miRNA/mRNA pairs (175), like miR-138-5p and TBL1X (176). This evidence concerns the gene PRKAA1 and gestational diabetes.