• Hepatic steatosis and triglyceride were more obvious in O-GDM or O-PGDM (32, 33). • Maternal diabetic offspring hepatocytes secreted more pro-inflammatory factors (34, 35). • Liver insulin sensitivity (32, 34, 36, 37) and glucose infusion were impaired in diabetic offspring (38). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.