Of the 33 quantitative papers, (25 samples), where insulin restriction and/or omission was identified among males with T1DM [21–23, 27, 35–39, 42, 43, 45, 50, 52–56, 58, 61, 65–70, 77], interpretable point estimate rates ranged from 1.4% [21, 35] to 76% [52–54, 75]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.