ADAR and neoplasm: In the context of tumor tissues, it has recently been shown that general loss of ADAR1 (and of editing) causes cell-intrinsic lethality through endogenous dsRNA mediated induction of IFN, a key anti-tumor cytokine, and subsequently to robust inflammation of the tumor microenvironment (with substantial tumor infiltration by CD8+T cells) and increased response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.27