TNF and neoplasm: These ligands can stimulate the upregulation of the surface co‐stimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86, and CD40, resulting in the release of proinflammatory factors, IL‐12, TNF‐α, and IL‐6.[183] Cyclophosphamide enhances antitumor efficacy when combined with DCs pulsed with tumor lysates; this can increase the proportion of IFN‐γ secreting and decrease the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleen.[184] Therefore, ICD of cancer cells is promising when combined with DC‐based vaccines.[185]