Subgroup analyses based on baseline BMI showed that reduction in body weight due to the SGLT-2 inhibitor was significant for the overweight group (SMD = − 2.56; 95% CI [− 2.78, − 2.34]; I2 = 0; p < 0.0001), and obesity group (SMD = − 2.63; 95% CI [− 3.45, − 1.81]; I2 = 95%; p < 0.0001; Additional file 1: Fig. S2B and Table S2). Here, SLC5A2 is linked to Obesity.