Subgroup analyses based on baseline BMI showed that reduction in liver fat due to the SGLT-2 inhibitor was significant for only on the obesity group (SMD = − 0.76; 95% CI [− 1.42, − 0.10]; I2 = 80%; p = 0.02), as compared with the overweight group (SMD = − 0.52; 95% CI [− 1.05, 0.02]; p = 0.06; Additional file 1: Fig. S1B and Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.