Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers epithelial cadherin (e-cadherin), CK18, vimentin and β-catenin are similarly poor prognostic indicators.9, 15 The combination of EMT and CSC properties contributes to a heterogeneous tumour cell population with more potent malignant potential.9 The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is neoplasm.