TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In this study, we revealed that schistosome egg antigen (SEA) stimulated macrophages to generate abundant extracellular vesicles, which mechanistically utilized enclosed miR-33 to enhance autocrine TGF-β1 production of HSCs through repressing SOCS3 expression and thereby promote their activation and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum-infected mice.