HSPB1 and diabetes mellitus: Studies in diabetic rats found that aerobic exercise increased the left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic volume, upregulated myocardial HSP27 expression, increased HSP27 phosphorylation at the Ser82 site, and enhanced myocardial pHSP27-myosin co-localization in diabetic rats, suggesting that exercise reduces cardiac diastolic dysfunction and repairs damaged myocardial proteins in diabetes (124).