SLC5A2 and heart failure: In addition, given the curative efficacy of SGLT-2is for patients with HFpEF, the design of placebo controls or blank controls should be limited in future RCTs, and for ongoing RCTS, such as “EMPAGUM research” (74), “SGLT2 Inhibitors, Ketones, and Cardiovascular Benefit Research Plan” (75), and “Sotagliflozin in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) Patients” (76), modification of the study protocol should be considered to prevent any potential ethical problems.