As a result, the positive rates of POFUT1 autoantibody (37.50%, 43.59%, 33.33%) and CETN2 autoantibody (37.50%, 53.85%, 48.72%) in HGIN, early ESCC, and advanced ESCC were higher than those of the other clinical markers. The gene discussed is POFUT1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.