Sbai et al. demonstrate that TXNIP drives the transport of Aβ to mitochondria in microglia both in vivo AD mice (5xFAD strain) and in vitro primary microglia, leading to Drp1 translocation to mitochondria, leading to mitochondria dysfunction, ROS production and NLRP3 activation and subsequent production of cytokines and pyroptosis of microglia, showing that it is an early even in AD, occurring in the early phases of AD when the first signs of cognitive alterations occur (Sbai et al., 2022). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.