PDE4A and cancer: As for NSCLC, PDE4A expression also showed a significant positive correlation with cancer-associated fibroblast in all methods: EPIC (R = 0.414, p < 0.001), MCPCOUNTER (R = 0.396, p < 0.001), XCELL (R = 0.252, p < 0.001), and TIDE (R = 0.357, p < 0.001) (Figure 8E).