In addition, activation of IL-15 can be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) (Kurz et al., 2022) and IL-15 is also one of the most promising prognostic markers for patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) (Christensen et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene IL15 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.