Fucosterol, a phytosterol derived from the marine brown algae Padina boryana, exhibited anti-inflammatory properties via dose-dependently down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF) and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and aid in the process of losing weight in obesity associated asthma (Sohn et al., 2021). Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.