PDK4 and lung carcinoma: According to Srivastava et al., PGZ activation of PPARγ induces metabolic switches; PPARγ inhibits pyruvate oxidation by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) or β-oxidation of fatty acids and reducing glutathione levels, resulting in a significant increase in ROS levels and ultimately inducing cell cycle progression in lung cancer cells (Srivastava et al., 2014).