VEGFA and preeclampsia: In the last 20 years, models of preeclampsia etiology have focused on the primacy of poor placental development due to increased apoptosis and impaired angiogenesis (Rana et al., 2019), with Hedgehog (Hh) (Lawson et al., 2002), VEGF (Wang et al., 2017), and Wnt signaling (Wang et al., 2018) all downregulated in preeclampsia (Huang et al., 2021).