Genes related to PD such as GBA (99.2 percentile score), LRRK2 (98.6 percentile score), PINK1 (97.3 percentile score), ATP13A2 (97.2 percentile score), VPS35 (96.3 percentile score), and PARK7 (94 percentile score) served as critical features for the classifier in detecting prodromal PD patients in −1 time period (see Supplementary Table S7 for a list of top biological nodes across all time periods). Here, GBA1 is linked to Parkinson disease.