Inflammatory responses are deemed to be a key player in the progression of PSCI.25 Cerebral ischemia can activate endothelial cells and accelerate the release of IL-6 and TNF-α.26 Kamnaksh et al.27 showed that VCI worsened with the increase in IL-6 and TNF-α expression in cerebrospinal fluid; a higher plasma level of IL-6 indicated smaller hippocampal gray matter volume, a marker of severity in VCI patients. Here, TNF is linked to Cerebral ischemia.