In addition, ALS/FTLD patients with C9ORF72 HRE expansion were found to harbor cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), an established trigger of innate immunity, and inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling by ruxolitinib was shown to reverse cell death triggered by dsRNA in cultured human neurons.39 The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.