TGFB1 and cancer: In addition, TGF-β induced MMPs expression has been shown to enhance the invasion and migration capabilities of various cancer cells (Zare et al. 2020; Sinpitaksakul et al. 2008; Nannuru et al. 2010), and our study also identified an increased MMP2 expression in the CEACAM6/Smad2/3 signaling medicated bladder cancer progression.