BRAF and thyroid tumor: BRAF-RAS gene expression score (BRS), a score between -1 (BRAFV600E-like) and +1 (RAS-like), correlates with thyroid neoplasm histologic phenotype and can be used to distinguish malignant papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) from the low-risk non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), despite the fact that these entities are challenging to distinguish even by experienced pathologists43–46.