PPARA and inherited lipid metabolism disorder: SUMO E2 enzyme UBC9 and SUMO E3 ligase PIASγ induce dyslipidaemia by SUMOylating PPARα at the K185 site and suppressing PPARα transcriptional activity.451 Correspondingly, SENPs promote fatty acid β-oxidation by eliminating SUMOylation in PPARα and PPARδ.452