LDLR and atherosclerosis: Transgenic expression of hepatic IDOL results in reduced LDLR and aggravated atherosclerosis in western diet-fed C57Bl/6J mice.448 Deleting the E3 ligase Pellino1 (Peli1) facilitates VSMC foam cell formation, induces proinflammatory cytokines and promotes atherosclerosis.449 E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW2 can promote macrophage inflammation and atherosclerosis by ubiquitinating KH‐type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) and reducing proinflammatory cytokines.