NOS3 and endothelial dysfunction: Palmitoylation is needed to target and localize endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the caveolae for optimal NO release.463 In endothelial cells with FASN deficiency, reduced eNOS palmitoylation causes impaired angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction.464 ATP-1 insufficiency leads to prolonged palmitoylation of Ras-related protein (R-Ras), causing impaired trafficking of eNOS synthase and thus reduction of NO and endothelial dysfunction.463