Prenylcysteine oxidase (PCYOX1) was recently found to be restricted to the metabolism of protein prenylation, which was related to lipoprotein oxidation and the atherogenic ApoB100 lipoproteins.94 PCYOX1 insufficiency in ApoE-/- mice attenuates the consequences of atherosclerosis by reducing lesion vulnerability, decreasing lipid peroxidation, and lowering serum lipids and inflammation.94 The farnesylation of small G-proteins is essential for cell growth and differentiation. This evidence concerns the gene PCYOX1 and atherosclerosis.