The regression model for EAD or AKI including lactate-adjusted NGAL showed a greater AUC (for EAD: odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–0.91; for AKI: OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.92) compared to the AUC of the models including lactate (for EAD: OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.88; for AKI: OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74–0.83) or NGAL alone (for EAD: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.86; for AKI: OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80–0.88) or the model without lactate or NGAL (for EAD: OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.58–0.69, for AKI: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.70–0.79). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is acute kidney injury.