In the CVID patient subgroup, we also assessed the association with the EUROclass classification groups and found a statistically significant difference between the increase in levels of TNF-α after SARS-CoV-2 stimulation; patients with low switched memory B cell percentages (EUROclass group B+SmB-) had a higher increase in TNF-α levels compared to patients with normal switched memory B cell percentages or the control group subjects (see Figure 5e and Supplementary Table S5b). Here, TNF is linked to common variable immunodeficiency.