Wen et al. [26] investigated the role of the T cell subset CD4+CXCR5−FOXP3+ T cells with CTLA-4 expression in a series of CHB patients in both a cross-sectional cohort (106 treatment-naïve CHB patients, 25 healthy controls, and 13 patients with HBV-related hepatic failure) and a longitudinal cohort (15 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with telbivudine (antiviral drug)). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is liver failure.