Finally, EV71 could induce cell death after infection and to exclude the possibility that the translocation of RFP was nonspecifically caused by cell death and pyknosis, we treated Huh 7 cells stably expressing RFP-NLS-MAVS2 with puromycin and found that although cytotoxicity was observed after treatment, no apparently colocalization of RFP with Hoechst was observed (Figure S1D), suggesting that the nucleus translocation that we observed was specifically caused by EV71 cleavage of MAVS. Here, MAVS is linked to infection.