CD4 and HIV infectious disease: We observed significantly higher levels of cellular ROS, as determined by the MFI of CellROX Green (Figure 1A), and mitochondrial ROS, as measured by the percentage of MitoSOX+ (Figure 1B) and MFI of MitoSOX (data not shown), in CD4 T cells from PLWH versus HS, indicating that CD4 T cells undergo increased oxidative stress during latent HIV infection.