For instance, in the HCC-44 cells, the topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and deoxyuridine triphosphatase (DUT) levels were reduced in the D + C vs. C treatment, while the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) levels were elevated in the D + P vs. P treatments. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.