INS and Insulin resistance: The supplementation of probiotics (B. breve UBBR 01, Bacillus coagulans Unique-IS2, L. salivarius UBLS22, L. casei UBLC42, L. plantarum UBLP40, and L. acidophilus UBLA34) and a prebiotic (fructo-oligosaccharide) mixture for 12 weeks showed beneficial effects on the FBS, postprandial blood sugar, serum insulin, and homeostatic-model-assessment–insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) scores.