PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In treated mice, insecticides such as fipronil (a phenylpyrazole commonly used in agricultural and veterinary fields) and thiamethoxam (a major compound of neonicotinoids) alter lipid metabolism by increasing Pparγ and Fasn expression and promote the generation of oxidative stress and inflammation by decreasing Pparα and Gnmt (glycine n-methyltransferase), ultimately contributing to NAFLD and liver injury [93,94].