CCNE1 and malignant colon neoplasm: TQ has also been shown to induce cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in human breast and colon cancer via upregulating p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDK) and suppressing cyclin E and D. Moreover, TQ’s inhibitory effect on the cell cycle is dose-dependent, where a high dose of TQ induced the G2 phase in MCF7 breast cancer cells while a low dose induced the S phase arrest in this cell line [33].