LCN2 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: In patients with ADPKD, the biomarkers related to tubular injuries (KIM-1, β2-microglobulin, NGAL, and L-FABP) had higher urine levels than controls, but with low specificity, and they showed a weak-to-moderate correlation with the current standard of htTKV in ADPKD progression [36].