LCN2 and inflammatory response: The progression of ADPKD was assessed by measuring numerous urinary markers: albumin, as a general kidney-damage marker; IgG, as a glomerular damage marker; N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), as a proximal tubular damage marker; heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein (H-FABP), as a distal tubular damage marker; liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), as a marker of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and interleukin-18, as inflammation markers [23].