CCL4 and carpal tunnel syndrome: This study aimed to determine the association of TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms [rs1800471 (+915G/C), rs1800469 (−509C/T), and rs1800468 (−800G/A)] with elevated serum TGF-β1 levels and concomitant elevation of serum MIP-1β and susceptibility to CTS.