This study demonstrated for the first time the association of the allelic variants of the TGF-β1 gene rs1800471 (+915C > G), rs1800469 (−509T > C) and rs1800468 (−800G > A) SNPs with CTS, in which significantly increased serum levels of TGF-β1 and MIP-1β were found. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is carpal tunnel syndrome.