STAT3 and head and neck cancer: As far as head and neck cancer is concerned, the bitter gourd bioactive secondary metabolite momordicine-I reduced human head and neck cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent way, with negligible side effects on non-cancerous cells, constraining c-Met and its downstream signaling molecules via the inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in head and neck cancer cells, and it reduced head and neck cancer tumor growth in nude mice xenograft models, involving c-Met and downstream signaling [13].