PARP1 and breast carcinoma: Besides, Fang et al. purified the 14-kDa ribonuclease MC2 in the seeds of Momordica charantia, which exhibited not only cytostatic, but also cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells via karyorrhexis, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, caspase-7/-8/-9 activation, B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) Antagonist/Killer (BAK), and cleaved PARP production, as well as p38, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK), and Akt differential activation [26].