CXCL16 and prostate cancer: CXCL16 is a chemotactic cytokine; its expression is increased by the activation of Notch and ERK-MAPK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase- mitogen-activated protein kinase) in nasospharyngeal carcinoma and by pro-inflammatory cytokines in prostate cancer, and it has been found to increase proliferation and migration of several types of cancer cells (as reviewed in [64]).